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Recent experiments have shown that colloidal suspensions can spontaneouslyself-assemble into dense clusters of various internal structures, sizes anddynamical properties when doped with active Janus particles.Characteristically, these clusters move ballistically during their formation,but dynamically revert their velocity and temporarily move opposite to theself-propulsion direction of the Janus particles they contain. Here we explorea simple effective model of colloidal mixtures which allows reproducing mostaspects seen in experiments, including the morphology and the velocity-reversalof the clusters. We attribute the latter to the nonreciprocal phoreticattractions of the passive particles to the active colloids' caps, taking placeeven at close contact and pushing the active particles backwards. When thephoretic interactions are repulsive, in turn, they cause dynamical aggregationof passive colloids in the chemical density minima produced by the activeparticles, as recently seen in experiments; in other parameter regimes theyinduce travelling fronts of active particles pursued by passive ones coexistingwith an active gas.

Clustering-induced velocity-reversals of active colloids mixed with passive particles