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We study the intrinsic nature of the finite system-size effect in estimatingshear viscosity of dilute and dense fluids within the framework of theGreen-Kubo approach. From extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we observethat the size effect on shear viscosity is characterized by an oscillatorybehavior with respect to system size $L$ at high density and by a scalingbehavior with an $L^{-1}$ correction term at low density. Analysis of thepotential contribution in the shear-stress autocorrelation function revealsthat the former is configurational and is attributed to the inaccuratedescription of the long-range spatial correlations in finite systems.Observation of the long-time inverse-power decay in the kinetic contributionconfirms its hydrodynamic nature. The $L^{-1}$ correction term of shearviscosity is explained by the sensitive change in the long-time tail obtainedfrom a finite system.

Density-Dependent Finite System-Size Effects in Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Estimation of Shear Viscosity: Hydrodynamic and Configurational Study