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Nanoscale defects in superconductors play a dominant role in enhancingsuperconducting properties through electron scattering, modulation of coherencelength, and correlation with quantized magnetic flux. For iron-basedsuperconductors (IBSCs) that are expected to be employed in high-field magneticapplications, a fundamental question is whether such defects develop an uppercritical field (Hc2) similar to that of conventional BCS-type superconductors.Herein, we report the first demonstration of a significantly improved Hc2 in a122-phase IBSC by introducing defects through high-energy milling. Co-dopedBa122 polycrystalline bulk samples (Ba(Fe,Co)2As2) were prepared by sinteringpowder which was partially mechanically alloyed through high-energy milling. Aremarkable increase in full-width at half maximum of X-ray powder diffractionpeaks, anomalous shrinkage in the a-axis, and elongation in the c-axis wereobserved. When lattice defects are introduced into the grains, semiconductorbehavior of the electric resistivity at low temperature (T < 100 K), slightdecrease in transition temperature (Tc), upturn of Hc2(T) near Tc, and a largeincrease in Hc2(T) slope were observed. The slope of Hc2(T) increasedapproximately by 50%, i.e., from 4 to 6 T/K, and exceeded that of singlecrystals and thin films. Defect engineering through high-energy milling isexpected to facilitate new methods for the designing and tuning of Hc2 in122-phase IBSCs.

Enhanced upper critical field in Co-doped Ba122 superconductors by lattice defect tuning