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The ionization efficiency of helicon plasma discharge is explored by changingthe low axial magnetic field gradients near the helicon antenna. The highestplasma density is found for a most possible diverging field near the antenna bykeeping the other operating condition constant. Measurement of axial wavenumber together with estimated radial wavenumber suggests the oblique modepropagation of helicon wave along the resonance cone boundary. Propagation ofhelicon wave near the resonance cone angle boundary can excite electrostaticfluctuations which subsequently can deposit energy in the plasma. This processhas been shown to be responsible for peaking in density in low field helicondischarges, where the helicon wave propagates at an angle with respect to theapplied uniform magnetic field. The increased efficiency can be explained onthe basis of multiple resonances for multimode excitation by the heliconantenna due to the availability of a broad range of magnetic field values inthe near field of the antenna when a diverging magnetic field is applied in thesource.

Effect of Inhomogeneous magnetic field on Plasma generation in a low magnetic field helicon discharge