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We demonstrate that highly-ordered two-dimensional crystals of ligand-cappedgold nanoparticles display a local photo-mechanical stiffness as high as thatof solids such as graphite. In out-of equilibrium electron diffractionexperiments, a strong temperature jump is induced in a thin film with afemtosecond laser pulse. The initial electronic excitation transfers energy tothe underlying structural degrees of freedom, with a rate generallyproportional to the stiffness of the material. With femtosecond small-angleelectron diffraction, we observe the temporal evolution of the diffractionfeature associated to the nearest-neighbor nanoparticle distance. TheDebye-Waller decay for the octanethiol-capped nanoparticles supracrystal, inparticular, is found to be unexpectedly fast, almost as fast as the stiffestsolid known and observed by the same technique, i.e. graphite. Our observationsunravel that local stiffness in a dense supramolecular assembly can be createdby Van der Waals interactions up to a level comparable to crystalline systemscharacterized by covalent bonding.

Local photo-mechanical stiffness revealed in gold nanoparticles supracrystals by ultrafast small-angle electron diffraction