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The free-streaming plus recycling model (FSRM) has recently been developed tounderstand and predict tungsten gross erosion rates from the divertor duringedge localized modes (ELMs). In this work, the FSRM was tested againstexperimental measurements of W sputtering during ELMs, conducted via fast WIspectroscopy. Good agreement is observed using a variety of controllingtechniques, including gas puffing, neutral beam heating, and plasma shaping tomodify the pedestal stability boundary and thus the ELM behavior. ELMmitigation by pellet pacing was observed to strongly reduce W sputtering byflushing C impurities from the pedestal and reducing the divertor targetelectron temperature. No reduction of W sputtering was observed during theapplication of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), in contrast to theprediction of the FSRM. Potential sources of this discrepancy are discussed.Finally, the framework of the FSRM is utilized to predict intra-ELM Wsputtering rates in ITER. It is concluded that W erosion during ELMs in ITERwill be caused mainly by free-streaming fuel ions, but free-streaming seededimpurities (N or Ne) may increase the erosion rate significantly if present inthe pedestal at even the 1% level. Impurity recycling is not expected to causesignificant W erosion in ITER due to the very low target electron temperature.

Impact of ELM control techniques on tungsten sputtering in the DIII-D divertor and extrapolations to ITER