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Understanding the dynamics in the deposition of water droplets onto solidsurfaces is of importance from both fundamental and practical viewpoints. Whilethe deposition of a water droplet onto a heated surface is extensively studied,the characteristics of depositing a droplet onto a cold surface and thephenomena leading to such behavior remain elusive. Here we report the formationof a triple condensate halo observed during the deposition of a water dropletonto a cold surface, due to the interplay between droplet impact dynamics andvapor diffusion. Two subsequent condensation stages occur during the dropletspreading and cooling processes, engendering this unique condensate halo withthree distinctive bands. We further proposed a scaling model to interpret thesize of each band, and the model is validated by the experiments of dropletswith different impact velocity and varying substrate temperature. Ourexperimental and theoretical investigation of the droplet impact dynamics andthe associated condensation unravels the mass and heat transfer among droplet,vapor and substrate, offer a new sight for designing of heat exchange devices.

Triple condensate halo from water droplets impacting on cold surfaces