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We investigate the spin transport and ferromagnetic resonance properties ofgiant magnetoresistive (GMR) Co/Cu-Ni multilayers with variable levels of Nidoping in the Cu spacer. We present an experimental evidence for amagnetic-to-diamagnetic transition in the atomic magnetic moment of Ni in theCu matrix for concentrations below 15 at. % Ni. As its concentration isincreased, Ni atoms turn into spin scattering centers, which is manifestedexperimentally as a step-like change in the GMR of the multilayers. Thisbehavior is observed in multilayers with gradient-doped Cu spacers, where onlythe inner region was doped with Ni. In the uniformly doped spacers the GMRdecreases monotonously with increasing Ni content, indicating that Ni atoms aremagnetic and act as spin relaxation centers in the entire dopant-concentrationrange studied. We explain the difference in the observed GMR behavior as due toa strong magnetic proximity effect in the uniform spacers, which is efficientlysuppressed in the gradient spacers. The observed magnetic phase transition isfully supported by our detailed ab-initio calculations, taking intoconsideration structural relaxation in the system as well as potential Niclustering. Controlling the loss or gain of the atomic magnetism for a specificdopant can be a tool in probing and controlling spin relaxation in materialsand devices for spin-valve and spin-torque based applications.

Spin-dependent scattering and magnetic proximity effect in Ni-doped Co/Cu multilayers as a probe of atomic magnetism