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We study the liquid-gas phase separation observed in a system of repulsiveparticles dressed with ferromagnetically aligning spins, a so-called `spinfluid'. Microcanonical ensemble numerical simulations of finite-size systemsreveal that magnetization sets in and induces a liquid-gas phase separationbetween a disordered gas and a ferromagnetic dense phase at low enough energiesand large enough densities. The dynamics after a quench into the coexistenceregion show that the order parameter associated to the liquid-vapour phaseseparation follows an algebraic law with an unusual exponent, as it is forcedto synchronize with the growth of the magnetization: this suggests that forfinite size systems the magnetization sets in along a Curie line, which is alsothe gas-side spinodal line, and that the coexistence region ends at atricritical point. This picture is confirmed at the mean-field level withdifferent approximation schemes, namely a Bethe lattice resolution and a virialexpansion complemented by the introduction of a self-consistent Weiss-likemolecular field. However, a detailed finite-size scaling analysis shows that intwo dimensions the ferromagnetic phase escapes theBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario, and that the long-range order is notdestroyed by the unbinding of topological defects. The Curie line becomes thusa magnetic crossover in the thermodynamic limit. Finally, the effects of themagnetic interaction range and those of the interaction softness arecharacterized within a mean-field semi-analytic low-density approach.

Ferromagnetism-induced Phase Separation in a Two-dimensional Spin Fluid