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Local electromagnetic field enhancement in resonant metamaterials is usefulfor efficient generation of nonlinear phenomena; however, the field enhancementis suppressed by losses of nonlinear elements in metamaterials. For overcomingthis issue, we investigate the nonlinear response of an electromagneticallyinduced transparency like metasurface loaded with gas as the nonlinear element.To induce nonlinearity in the gas associated with discharges, anelectromagnetic wave with a modulated amplitude is incident on the metasurface.The measured waveform and spectrum of the transmitted electromagnetic wave,along with light emission from the discharge microplasma, reveal that frequencymixing can occur on the metasurface. The parameter dependence of the conversionefficiency of the frequency mixing phenomenon shows that the efficiency isdetermined almost entirely by the ratio of the duration of microplasmageneration to the modulation period of the incident wave amplitude. This resultimplies that the frequency mixing is derived from a binary change in thetransmittance of the metasurface caused by the generation and quenching of themicroplasma.

Frequency mixing at an electromagnetically induced transparency like metasurface loaded with gas as a nonlinear element