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The exponentially repulsive EXP pair potential defines a system of particlesin terms of which simple liquids' quasiuniversality may be explained [A. K.Bacher et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 5424 (2014); J. C. Dyre, J. Phys. Condens.Matter 28, 323001 (2016)]. This paper and its companion present a detailedsimulation study of the EXP system. Here we study how structure monitored viathe radial distribution function and dynamics monitored via the mean-squaredisplacement as a function of time evolve along the system's isotherms andisochores. The focus is on the gas and liquid phases, which are distinguishedpragmatically by the absence or presence of a minimum in the radialdistribution function above its first maximum. An NVU-based proof ofquasiuniversality is presented, and quasiuniversality is illustrated by showingthat the structure of the Lennard-Jones system at four selected state points iswell approximated by those of EXP pair-potential systems with the same reduceddiffusion constant. The companion paper studies the EXP system's isomorphs,focusing also on the gas and liquid phases.

The EXP pair-potential system. I. Fluid phase isotherms, isochores, and quasiuniversality