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Electrowetting (EW) of water drops in ambient oil has found a wide range ofapplications including lab-on-a-chip devices, display screens, and variablefocus lenses. The efficacy of all these applications is dependent on thecontact angle hysteresis (CAH), which is generally reduced in the presence ofambient oil due to thin lubrication layers. While it is well-known that ACvoltage reduces the effective contact angle hysteresis (CAH) for EW in ambientair, we demonstrate here that CAH for EW in ambient oil increases withincreasing AC and DC voltage. Taking into account the disjoining pressure ofthe fluoropolymer-oil-water system, short range chemical interactions, viscousoil entrainment and electrostatic stresses, we find that this observation canbe explained by progressive thinning of the oil layer underneath the drop withincreasing voltage. This exposes the droplet to the roughness of the underlyingsolid and thereby increases hysteresis.

Contact angle hysteresis and oil film lubrication in electrowetting with two immiscible liquids