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We propose a hybrid laser-driven ion acceleration scheme using a combinationtarget of a solid foil and a density-tailored background plasma. In the firststage, a sub-relativistic proton beam can be generated by the radiationpressure acceleration in the intense laser interaction with the solid foil. Inthe second stage, this sub-relativistic proton beam is further accelerated bythe laser wakefield driven by the same laser pulse in a near-critical-densitybackground plasma with a decreasing density profile. The propagating velocityof the laser front and the phase velocity of the excited wakefield wave areeffectively lowered at the beginning of the second stage. By decreasing thebackground plasma density gradually from near critical density along the laserpropagation direction, the wake travels faster and faster while it acceleratesthe protons. Consequently, the dephasing between the protons and the wake ispostponed, and an efficient wakefield proton acceleration is achieved. Thishybrid laser-driven proton acceleration scheme can be realized by usingultrashort laser pulses at the peak power of 10 PW for the generation ofmulti-GeV proton beams.

Efficient injection of radiation-pressure-accelerated sub-relativistic protons into laser wakefield acceleration based on 10 PW lasers