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The flow rate of water through an orifice at the bottom of a containerdepends on the hydrostatic pressure whereas for a dry granular material isnearly constant. But what happens during the simultaneous discharge of grainsand liquid from a silo? By measuring the flow rate as a function of time, wefound that: (i) different regimes appear, going from constant flow ratedominated by the effective fluid viscosity to a hydrostatic-like dischargedepending on the aperture and grain size, (ii) the mixed material is alwaysdischarged faster than dry grains but slower than liquid, (iii) for themixture, the liquid level drops faster than the grains level but they arealways linearly proportional to one another, and (iv) a sudden growth in theflow rate happens during the transition from a biphasic to a single phasedischarge. These results are associated to the competition between the decreaseof hydrostatic pressure above the granular bed and the hydrodynamic resistance.A model combining the Kozeny-Carman, Bernoulli and mass conservation equationsis proposed and the numerical results are in good agreement with experiments.

The simultaneous discharge of liquid and grains from a silo