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Natural light harvesting systems exploit electronic coupling of identicalchromophores to generate efficient and robust excitation transfer andconversion. Dark states created by strong coupling between chromophores in theantenna structure can significantly reduce radiative recombination and enhanceenergy conversion efficiency. Increasing the number of the chromophoresincreases the number of dark states and the associated enhanced energyconversion efficiency, yet also delocalizes excitations away from the trappingcenter and reduces the energy conversion rate. Therefore, a competition betweendark state protection and delocalization must be considered when designing theoptimal size of a light harvesting system. In this study, we explore the twocompeting mechanisms in a chain-structured antenna and show that dark stateprotection is the dominant mechanism, with an intriguing dependence on theparity of the number of chromophores. This dependence is linked to the excitondistribution among eigenstates which is strongly affected by the couplingstrength between chromophores and the temperature. Combining these findings, wepropose that increasing the coupling strength between the chromophores cansignificantly increase the power output of the light harvesting system.

Dark states and delocalization: competing effects of quantum coherence on the efficiency of light harvesting systems