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We numerically investigate single-layer shallow-water beta-plane quasi-geostrophic turbulence in a doubly periodic domain with emphasis on wavenumber-frequency spectra. We conduct a broad parameter sweep, varying the deformation radius (Ld), the narrow-band forcing wavenumber (kf), and the meridional gradient of the Coriolis parameter (β). Out of 54 simulations we present ten in detail spanning slowly propagating vortices to strong jets. We define a nondimensional parameter γβ in terms of β, Ld, and the energy injection rate. The moderately low γβ case is characterized by westward propagating coherent vortices and zonal wavenumber-frequency spectra dominated by a nondispersive line (NDL) corresponding to uniform propagation at or near the long-wave Rossby speed. The moderately high γβ case is characterized by jets, and the NDL persists even when there are no coherent vortices. The jets have large meridional excursions (meanders) that propagate westward nearly uniformly at a speed slower than the long-wave...

Wavenumber-frequency analysis of single-layer shallow-water beta-plane quasi-geostrophic turbulence