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Transition-edge sensors (TES) as microcalorimeters for high-energy-resolutionX-ray spectroscopy are often fabricated with an absorber made of materials withhigh Z (for X-ray stopping power) and low heat capacity (for high resolvingpower). Bismuth represents one of the most compelling options. TESs withevaporated bismuth absorbers have shown spectra with undesirable andunexplained low-energy tails. We have developed TESs with electroplated bismuthabsorbers over a gold layer that are not afflicted by this problem and thatretain the other positive aspects of this material. To better understand thesephenomena, we have studied a series of TESs with gold, gold/evaporated bismuth,and gold/electroplated bismuth absorbers, fabricated on the same die withidentical thermal coupling. We show that bismuth morphology is linked to thespectral response of X-ray TES microcalorimeters.

Eliminating the non-Gaussian spectral response of X-ray absorbers for transition-edge sensors