English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

This paper will detail changes in the operational paradigm of the FermiNational Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) magnetron $H^{-}$ ion source due toupgrades in the accelerator system. Prior to November of 2012 the $H^{-}$ ionsfor High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments were extracted at ~18 keV verticallydownward into a 90 degree bending magnet and accelerated through aCockcroft-Walton accelerating column to 750 keV. Following the upgrade in thefall of 2012 the $H^{-}$ ions are now directly extracted from a magnetron at 35keV and accelerated to 750 keV by a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). Thischange in extraction energy as well as the orientation of the ion sourcerequired not only a redesign of the ion source, but an updated understanding ofits operation at these new values. Discussed in detail are the changes to theion source timing, arc discharge current, hydrogen gas pressure, and cesiumdelivery system that were needed to maintain consistent operation at >99%uptime for HEP, with an increased ion source lifetime of over 9 months.

Recent Operation of the FNAL Magnetron $H^{-}$ Ion Source