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Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has been demonstrated insimulations to be capable of accelerating particles to the energy frontier in asingle stage, but its potential is hindered by the fact that currentlyavailable proton bunches are orders of magnitude longer than the plasmawavelength. Fortunately, proton micro-bunching allows driving plasma wavesresonantly. In this paper, we propose using a hollow plasma channel formultiple proton bunch driven plasma wakefield acceleration and demonstrate thatit enables the operation in the nonlinear regime and resonant excitation ofstrong plasma waves. This new regime also involves beneficial features ofhollow channels for the accelerated beam (such as emittance preservation anduniform accelerating field) and long buckets of stable deceleration for thedrive beam. The regime is attained at a proper ratio among plasma skin depth,driver radius, hollow channel radius, and micro-bunch period.

Multi-proton bunch driven hollow plasma wakefield acceleration in the nonlinear regime