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We theoretically study the dynamic time evolution following laser pulsepumping in an antiferromagnetic insulator Cr$_{2}$O$_{3}$. From thephotoexcited high-spin quartet states to the long-lived low-spin doubletstates, the ultrafast demagnetization processes are investigated by solving thedissipative Schr\"odinger equation. We find that the demagnetization times areof the order of hundreds of femtosecond, in good agreement with recentexperiments. The switching times could be strongly reduced by properly tuningthe energy gaps between the multiplet energy levels of Cr$^{3+}$. Furthermore,the relaxation times also depend on the hybridization of atomic orbitals in thefirst photoexcited state. Our results suggest that the selective manipulationof electronic structure by engineering stress-strain or chemical substitutionallows effective control of the magnetic state switching in photoexcitedinsulating transition-metal oxides.

Model of ultrafast demagnetization driven by spin-orbit coupling in a photoexcited antiferromagnetic insulator Cr2O3