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We report on the design and sensitivity of a new torsion pendulum formeasuring the performance of ultra-precise inertial sensors and for thedevelopment of associated technologies for space-based gravitational waveobservatories and geodesy missions. The apparatus comprises a 1 m-long, 50um-diameter, tungsten fiber that supports an inertial member inside a vacuumsystem. The inertial member is an aluminum crossbar with four hollow cubic testmasses at each end. This structure converts the rotation of the torsionpendulum into translation of the test masses. Two test masses are enclosed incapacitive sensors which provide readout and actuation. These test masses areelectrically insulated from the rest of the cross-bar and their electricalcharge is controlled by photoemission using fiber-coupled ultraviolet lightemitting diodes. The capacitive readout measures the test mass displacementwith a broadband sensitivity of 30 nm / sqrt(Hz), and is complemented by alaser interferometer with a sensitivity of about 0.5 nm / sqrt(Hz). Theperformance of the pendulum, as determined by the measured residual torquenoise and expressed in terms of equivalent force acting on a single test mass,is roughly 200 fN / sqrt(Hz) around 2 mHz, which is about a factor of 20 abovethe thermal noise limit of the fiber.

A New Torsion Pendulum for Gravitational Reference Sensor Technology Development