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Femtosecond, 8.04 KeV x-ray pulses are used to probe the lattice dynamics of150 nm Cu (111) single crystal on mica substrate irradiated with 400 nm, 100 fslaser pulses. For pump fluencies below the damage and melting threshold, weobserved lattice contraction due to the formation of a blast force, andcoherent acoustic phonons with a period of ~69 ps. At larger pump fluence,solid to liquid phase transition, annealing, and recrystallization weremeasured in real time by monitoring the intensity evolution of the probing fsx-ray rocking curves and agreed with theoretical simulation results. Theexperimental data suggest the melting process is a purely thermal phasetransition. This study provides, in real time, an ultrafast time-resolveddetailed description of the significant processes that occurs as a result of afemtosecond light-pulse interacts with the Cu (111) crystal surface.

Femtosecond laser induced structural dynamics and melting of Cu (111) single crystal. An ultrafast time-resolved x-ray diffraction study