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This Brief Communication presents a quantitative investigation for the effectof electron holes on electron-cyclotron maser (ECM) driven by horseshoedistributions. The investigation is based on an integrated distributionfunction for the horseshoe distributions with electron holes. Results show thatthe presence of electron holes can significantly enhance the ECM growth rate by2-3 times in a very narrow waveband. The present study suggests that theseelectron holes probably are responsible for some fine structures of radiations,such as narrowband events in auroral kilometric radiation and solar microwavespikes.

The effect of electron holes on cyclotron maser emission driven by horseshoe distributions