English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In the general setting of the problem, the explicit compact formulae arederived for the ponderomotive forces in the macroscopic electrodynamics ofmoving media in the Minkowski and Abraham approaches. Taking account of theMinkowski constitutive equations and making use of a special representation forthe Abraham energy-momentum tensor enable one to obtain a compact expressionfor the Abraham force in the case of arbitrary dependence of the mediumvelocity on spatial coordinates and the time and for nonstationary externalelectromagnetic field. We term the difference between the ponderomotive forcesin the Abraham and Minkowski approaches as the Abraham force not only underconsideration of media at rest but also in the case of moving media. TheLorentz force is found which is exerted by external electromagnetic field onthe conduction current in a medium, the covariant Ohm law and the constitutiveMinkowski relations being taken into account. The physical argumentation istraced for definition of the 4-vector of the ponderomotive force as the4-divergence of the energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetic field in amedium.

Ponderomotive forces in electrodynamics of moving media: The Minkowski and Abraham approaches