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Previous work has demonstrated that the radio frequency surface resistance ofniobium resonators is dramatically reduced when nitrogen impurities aredissolved as interstitial in the material. The origin of this effect isattributed to the lowering of the Mattis and Bardeen surface resistancecontribution with increasing accelerating field. Meanwhile, an enhancement ofthe sensitivity to trapped magnetic field is typically observed for suchcavities. In this paper we conduct the first systematic study on thesedifferent components contributing to the total surface resistance as a functionof different levels of dissolved nitrogen, in comparison with standard surfacetreatments for niobium resonators. Adding these results together we are able toshow for the first time which is the optimum surface treatment that maximizesthe Q-factor of superconducting niobium resonators as a function of expectedtrapped magnetic field in the cavity walls. These results also provide newinsights on the physics behind the change in the field dependence of the Mattisand Bardeen surface resistance, and of the trapped magnetic vortex inducedlosses in superconducting niobium resonators.

Effect of interstitial impurities on the field dependent microwave surface resistance of niobium