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Materials undergoing antiferroelectric/ferroelectric (AFE/FE) transitions arestudied for possible applications that exploit the large volume, charge andentropy differences between the two states, such as electrocaloric cooling,energy storage, electromechanical actuators. Though certain compositions of PZTcodoped with La and Sn may withstand millions of electrically induced AFE/FEcycles, in other cases few thermally induced cycles and room temperature agingmay cause noticeable changes in the material properties. This is particularlyevident in the elastic moduli, which at room temperature can become as much asfour times softer. In order to get more insight into the mechanisms involved insuch elastic aging and full recovering with mild annealing at 600-800 K, theeffect of La doping on PZT with 4.6% Ti is studied with anelastic measurements.Complete suppression of the time dependent phenomena is found after thetransformation of the intermediate FE phase into incommensurate AFE by 2% Ladoping. This is discussed in terms of disappearance of the stress and electricfields at the FE/AFE interfaces, in the light of the thermally activatedanelastic relaxation processes that are observed at high temperature, and aredue to mobile defects, presumably O vacancies.

Elastic aging from coexistence and transformations of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric states in PZT