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If charge carriers accumulate in the charge transport layer of a solar cell,then the transient response of the electric field that originates from theseaccumulated charges results in hysteresis in the current-voltage ($J$-$V$)characteristics. While this mechanism was previously known, a theoretical modelto explain these $J$-$V$ characteristics has not been considered to date. Wederived an equivalent circuit from the proposed hysteresis mechanism. Bysolving the equivalent circuit model, we were able to reproduce some of thefeatures of hysteresis in perovskite solar cells.

applied physics letters

Equivalent circuit representation of hysteresis in solar cells that  considers interface charge accumulation: Potential cause of hysteresis in  perovskite solar cells