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The interparticle interactions in a magnetic nanocomposite play a dominantrole in controlling the phase transitions superparamagnetic to superspinglassto superferromagnetic. These interactions can be tuned by controlling the sizeand number density of nanoparticles. Aerogel composites, 0.3 Ni-BC and 0.7Ni-BC, consisting of Ni nanoparticles distributed in bacterial cellulose havebeen used as model systems to study the effect of interparticle interactionswith increasing fraction of Ni in the composite. Contrary to conventionalapproach, the size of Ni nanoparticles is not controlled and was allowed toform naturally in the bacterial cellulose template. The structuralcharacterization using x-ray diffraction and electron microscopies indicatesthe presence of only Ni and cellulose with no other phases. The uncontrolledgrowth of Ni in cellulose matrix results in the formation of nanoparticles with3 different size distributions - 10 nm particles mainly distributed along thelength of fibrils, 50 nm particles present in the intermediate spaces betweenthe fibrils and 100 nm particles present in voids formed by the reticulatestructure. At room temperature the composites exhibit a weakly ferromagneticbehavior with a coercivity of 40 Oe which increases to 160 Oe at 10 K. Thetransition from weakly ferromagnetic state at room temperature to asuperferromagnetic state at low temperatures is mediated via a superspinglassstate at intermediate temperatures. A temperature dependent microstructuralmodel has been developed combining the structural and magnetic results obtainedfrom the two composite aerogels.

Interparticle interactions mediated superspinglass to superferromagnetic transition in Ni-bacterial cellulose aerogel nanocomposites