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We study the effect of varying the mass and volume fraction of a suspensionof rigid spheres dispersed in a turbulent channel flow. We performed severalDirect Numerical Simulations using an Immersed Boundary Method for finite-sizeparticles changing the solid to fluid density ratio, the mass fraction and thevolume fraction. We find that varying the density ratio between 1 and 10 atconstant volume fraction does not alter the flow statistics as much as whenvarying the volume fraction at constant and at constant mass fraction.Interestingly, the increase in overall drag found when varying the volumefraction is considerably higher than that obtained for increasing densityratios at same volume fraction. The main effect at density ratios of the orderof 10 is a strong shear-induced migration towards the centerline of thechannel. When the density ratio is further increased up to 1000 the particledynamics decouple from that of the fluid. The solid phase behaves as a densegas and the fluid and solid phase statistics drastically change. In thisregime, the collision rate is high and dominated by the normal relativevelocity among particles.

The effect of particle density in turbulent channel flow laden with finite size particles in semi-dilute conditions