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Cavitation in a liquid moving past a constraint is numerically investigatedby means of a free-energy lattice Boltzmann simulation based on the van derWaals equation of state. The fluid is streamed past an obstacle and, dependingon the pressure drop between inlet and outlet, vapor formation underneath thecorner of the sack-wall is observed. The circumstances of cavitation formationare investigated and it is found that the local bulk pressure and mean stressare insufficient to explain the phenomenon. Results obtained in this studystrongly suggest that the viscous stress, interfacial contributions to thelocal pressure, and the Laplace pressure are relevant to the opening of a vaporcavity. This can be described by a generalization of Joseph's criterion thatincludes these contributions. A macroscopic investigation measuring mass flowrate behavior and discharge coefficient was also performed. As theoreticallypredicted, mass flow rate increases linearly with the square root of thepressure drop. However, when cavitation occurs, the mass flow growth rate isreduced and eventually it collapses into a choked flow state. In the cavitatingregime, as theoretically predicted and experimentally verified, the dischargecoefficient grows with the Nurick cavitation number.

Cavitation inception of a van der Waals fluid at a sack-wall obstacle