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We have studied the conditions of rotation induced by collimated lightcarrying no angular momentum. Objects of different shapes and opticalproperties were examined in the nontrivial case where the rotation axis isperpendicular to the direction of light propagation. This geometry offersimportant advantages for application as it fundamentally broadens the possiblepractical arrangements to be realised. We found that collimated light cannotdrive permanent rotation of 2D or prism-like 3D objects (i.e. fixedcross-sectional profile along the rotation axis) in the case of fullyreflective or fully transparent materials. Based on both geometrical opticssimulations and theoretical analysis, we derived a general condition forrotation induced by collimated light carrying no angular momentum valid for anyarrangement: Permanent rotation is not possible if the scattering interactionis two-dimensional and lossless. In contrast, light induced rotation can besustained if partial absorption is present or the object has specific true 3Dgeometry. We designed, simulated, fabricated, and experimentally tested amicroscopic rotor capable of rotation around an axis perpendicular to theilluminating light.

Dimensionality constraints of light induced rotation