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The piezoelectric face-shear (d36) mode may be the most useful shear mode inpiezoelectrics, while currently this mode can only exist in single crystals ofspecific point groups and cut directions. Theoretically the d36 coefficientvanishes in piezoelectric ceramics because of its transversally isotropicsymmetry . In this work, we modified the symmetry of poled PZT ceramics fromtransversally isotropic to orthogonal through ferroelastic domain switching byapplying a high lateral stress along the "2" direction and holding the stressfor several hours. After removing the compression, the piezoelectriccoefficient d31 is found much larger than d32. Then by cutting the compressedsample along the zxt+45 deg direction, we realized d36 coefficients up to 206pC/N which is measured by using a modified d33 meter. The obtained large d36coefficients in PZT ceramics could be very promising for face-shear moderesonators and shear horizontal (SH) wave generation in nondestructive testing.

Realization of face-shear piezoelectric coefficient d36 in PZT ceramics via ferroelastic domain engineering