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There has been interest in finding a general variational principle fornon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We give evidence that Maximum Caliber(Max Cal) is such a principle. Max Cal, a variant of Maximum Entropy, predictsdynamical distribution functions by maximizing a path entropy subject todynamical constraints, such as average fluxes. We first show that Max Cal leadsto standard near-equilibrium results -including the Green-Kubo relations,Onsager's reciprocal relations of coupled flows, and Prigogine's principle ofminimum entropy production -in a way that is particularly simple. Moreimportantly, because Max Cal does not require any notion of 'localequilibrium', or any notion of entropy dissipation, or even any restriction tomaterial physics, it is more general than many traditional approaches. Wedevelop some generalizations of the Onsager and Prigogine results that applyarbitrarily far from equilibrium. Max Cal is not limited to materials andfluids; it also applies, for example, to flows and trafficking on networks morebroadly.

Maximum caliber is a general variational principle for nonequilibrium statistical mechanics