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We present results from experiments on the head-on merging of two supersonicplasma jets in an initially collisionless regime for the counter-streamingions. The plasma jets are of either an argon/impurity or hydrogen/impuritymixture and are produced by pulsed-power-driven railguns. Based on time- andspace-resolved fast-imaging, multi-chord interferometry, andsurvey-spectroscopy measurements of the overlapping region between the mergingjets, we observe that the jets initially interpenetrate, consistent withcalculated inter-jet ion collision lengths, which are long. As the jetsinterpenetrate, a rising mean-charge state causes a rapid decrease in theinter-jet ion collision length. Finally, the interaction becomes collisionaland the jets stagnate, eventually producing structures consistent withcollisional shocks. These experimental observations can aid in the validationof plasma collisionality and ionization models for plasmas with complexequations of state.

Experimental characterization of a transition from collisionless to collisional interaction between head-on-merging supersonic plasma jets