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It is shown that co-linear injection of electrons or positrons into thewakefield of the self-modulating particle beam is possible and ensures highenergy gain. The witness beam must co-propagate with the tail part of thedriver, since the plasma wave phase velocity there can exceed the lightvelocity, which is necessary for efficient acceleration. If the witness beam ismany wakefield periods long, then the trapped charge is limited by beam loadingeffects. The initial trapping is better for positrons, but at the accelerationstage a considerable fraction of positrons is lost from the wave. For efficienttrapping of electrons, the plasma boundary must be sharp, with the densitytransition region shorter than several centimeters. Positrons are notsusceptible to the initial plasma density gradient.

Electron trapping and acceleration by the plasma wakefield of a self-modulating proton beam