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Ambient magnetic field, if trapped in the penetration depth, leads to theresidual resistance and therefore sets the limit for the achievable qualityfactors in superconducting niobium resonators for particle accelerators. Herewe show that a complete expulsion of the magnetic flux can be performed andleads to: 1) record quality factors $Q > 2\times10^{11}$ up to acceleratinggradient of 22 MV/m; 2) $Q\sim3\times10^{10}$ at 2 K and 16 MV/m in up to 190mG magnetic fields. This is achieved by large thermal gradients at thenormal/superconducting phase front during the cooldown. Our findings open up away to ultra-high quality factors at low temperatures and show an alternativeto the sophisticated magnetic shielding implemented in modern superconductingaccelerators.

Ultra-high quality factors in superconducting niobium cavities in ambient magnetic fields up to 190 mG