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Quasi-phase matched direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons can berealized with guided, radially polarized laser pulses in density-modulatedplasma waveguides. A 3-D particle-in-cell model has been developed to describethe interactions among the laser field, injected electrons, and the backgroundplasma in the DLA process. Simulations have been conducted to study the schemein which seed electron bunches with moderate energies are injected into aplasma waveguide and the DLA is performed by use of relatively low-power (0.5-2TW) laser pulses. Selected bunch injection delays with respect to the laserpulse, bunch lengths, and bunch transverse sizes have been studied in a seriesof simulations of DLA in a plasma waveguide. The results show that theinjection delay is important for controlling the final transverse properties ofshort electron bunches, but it also affects the final energy gain. With a longinjected bunch length, the enhanced ion-focusing force helps to collimate theelectrons and a relatively small final emittance can be obtained. DLAefficiency is reduced when a bunch with a greater transverse size is injected;in addition, micro-bunching is clearly observed due to the focusing anddefocusing of electrons by the radially directed Lorentz force. DLA should beperformed with a moderate laser power to maintain favorable bunch transverseproperties, while the waveguide length can be extended to obtain a highermaximum energy gain, with the commensurate increase of laser pulse duration andenergy.

3-D particle-in-cell simulations for quasi-phase matched direct laser electron acceleration in density-modulated plasma waveguides