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Orbital angular momentum associated with the helical phase-front of opticalbeams provides an unbounded \qo{space} for both classical and quantumcommunications. Among the different approaches to generate and manipulateorbital angular momentum states of light, coupling between spin and orbitalangular momentum allows a faster manipulation of orbital angular momentumstates because it depends on manipulating the polarisation state of light,which is simpler and generally faster than manipulating conventional orbitalangular momentum generators. In this work, we design and fabricate anultra-thin spin-to-orbital angular momentum converter, based on plasmonicnano-antennas and operating in the visible wavelength range that is capable ofconverting spin to an arbitrary value of OAM $\ell$. The nano-antennas arearranged in an array with a well-defined geometry in the transverse plane ofthe beam, possessing a specific integer or half-integer topological charge $q$.When a circularly polarised light beam traverses this metasurface, the outputbeam polarisation switches handedness and the OAM changes in value by $\ell =\pm2q\hbar$ per photon. We experimentally demonstrate $\ell$ values rangingfrom $\pm 1$ to $\pm 25$ with conversion efficiencies of $8.6\pm0.4~\%$. Ourultra-thin devices are integratable and thus suitable for applications inquantum communications, quantum computations and nano-scale sensing.

Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in ultra-thin metasurfaces with arbitrary topological charges