English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We examine the hydrodynamic performance of two cilia beating patternsreconstructed from experimental data. In their respective natural systems, thetwo beating patterns correspond to: (A) pumping-specialized cilia, and (B)swimming-specialized cilia. We compare the performance of these two ciliabeating patterns as a function of the metachronal coordination in the contextof two model systems: the swimming of a ciliated cylinder and the fluid pumpingby a ciliated carpet. Three performance measures are used for this comparison:(i) average swimming speed/pumping flow rate; (ii) maximum internal momentsgenerated by the cilia; and (iii) swimming/pumping efficiencies. We found that,in both models, pattern (B) outperforms pattern (A) in almost all threemeasures, including hydrodynamic efficiency. These results challenge the notionthat hydrodynamic efficiency dictates the cilia beating kinematics, and suggestthat other biological functions and constraints play a role in explaining thewide variety of cilia beating patterns observed in biological systems.

Cilia beating patterns are not hydrodynamically optimal