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Fe$_3$O$_4$ is a ferrimagnetic spinel ferrite that exhibits electricconductivity at room temperature (RT). Although the material has been predictedto be a half metal according to ab-initio calculations, magnetic tunneljunctions (MTJs) with Fe$_3$O$_4$ electrodes have demonstrated a small tunnelmagnetoresistance effect. Not even the sign of the TMR ratio has beenexperimentally established. Here, we report on the magnetic properties ofepitaxial Fe$_3$O$_4$ films with various crystal orientations. The filmsexhibited apparent crystal orientation dependence on hysteresis curves. Inparticular, Fe$_3$O$_4$(110) films exhibited in-plane uniaxial magneticanisotropy. With respect to the squareness of hysteresis, Fe$_3$O$_4$ (111)demonstrated the largest squareness. Furthermore, we fabricated MTJs withFe$_3$O$_4$(110) electrodes, and obtained an TMR effect of -12\% at RT. Thenegative TMR ratio corresponded to the negative spin polarization ofFe$_3$O$_4$ predicted from band calculations.

Magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe$_3$O$_4$ films with various crystal orientations and TMR effect in room temperature