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Fano resonances appear in quantum mechanical as well as classical systems asa result of the interference between two paths: one involving a discreteresonance and the other a continuum. Compared to a conventional resonance,characterized by a Lorentzian spectral response, the characteristic asymmetricand sharp spectral response of a Fano resonance is suggested to enable photonicswitches and sensors with superior characteristics. While experimentaldemonstrations of the appearance of Fano resonances have been made in bothplasmonic and photonic-crystal structures, the control of these resonances isexperimentally challenging, often involving the coupling of near-resonantcavities. Here, we experimentally demonstrate two simple structures that allowsurprisingly robust control of the Fano spectrum. One structure relies oncontrolling the amplitude of one of the paths and the other uses symmetrybreaking. Short-pulse dynamic measurements show that besides drasticallyincreasing the switching contrast, the transmission dynamics itself is stronglyaffected by the nature of the resonance. The influence of slow-recovery tailsimplied by a long carrier lifetime can thus be reduced using a Fano resonancedue to a hitherto unrecognized reshaping effect of the nonlinear Fano transferfunction. For the first time, we present a system application of a Fanostructure, demonstrating its advantages by the experimental realization of 10Gbit/s all-optical modulation with bit-error-ratios on the order of 10$^{-7}$for input powers less than 1 mW. These results represent a significantimprovement compared to the use of a conventional Lorentzian resonance.

Fano resonance control in a photonic crystal structure and its application to ultrafast switching