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Glasses have a wide range of technological applications. The recent discoveryof ultrastable glasses that are obtained by depositing the vapor of aglass-forming liquid onto the surface of a cold substrate has sparked renewedinterest in the effects of confinements on physicochemical properties ofliquids and glasses. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to study theeffect of substrate on thin films of a model glass-forming liquid, theKob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones system, and compute profiles of severalthermodynamic and kinetic properties across the film. We observe that thesubstrate can induce large oscillations in profiles of thermodynamic propertiessuch as density, composition and stress, and we establish a correlation betweenthe oscillations in total density and the oscillations in normal stress. Wealso demonstrate that the kinetic properties of an atomic film can be readilytuned by changing the strength of interactions between the substrate and theliquid. Most notably, we show that a weakly attractive substrate can induce theemergence of a highly mobile region in its vicinity. In this highly mobileregion, structural relaxation is several times faster than in the bulk, and theexploration of the potential energy landscape is also more efficient. In thesubsurface region near a strongly attractive substrate, however, the dynamicsis decelerated and the sampling of the potential energy landscape becomes lessefficient than the bulk. We explain these two distinct behaviors byestablishing a correlation between the oscillations in kinetic properties andthe oscillations in lateral stress. Our findings offer interestingopportunities for designing better substrates for the vapor deposition processor developing alternative procedures for situations where vapor deposition isnot feasible.

The Effect of Substrate on Thermodynamic and Kinetic Anisotropies in Atomic Thin Films