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The generation of spin current and spin polarization in a 2DEG structure isstudied in the presence of Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit couplings (SOC),the strength of the latter being modulated in time by an ac gate voltage. Bymeans of the non-Abelian gauge field approach, we established the relationbetween the Lorentz spin force and the spin current in the SOC system, andshowed that the longitudinal component of the spin force induces a transversespin current. For a constant (time-invariant) Rashba system, we recover theuniversal spin Hall conductivity of $\frac e{8\pi}$, derived previously via theBerry phase and semiclassical methods. In the case of a time-dependent SOCsystem, the spin current is sustained even under strong impurity scattering. Weevaluated the ac spin current generated by a time-modulated Rashba SOC in theabsence of any dc electric field. The magnitude of the spin current reaches amaximum when the modulation frequency matches the Larmor frequency of theelectrons.

Spin force and the generation of sustained spin current in time-dependent Rashba and Dresselhauss systems