English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Minor ion (such as $He^{2+}$) heating via nonresonant interaction withspectra of linearly and circularly polarized Alfv\'{e}n waves (LPAWs and CPAWshereafter) is studied. The obtained analytic solutions are in good agreementwith the simulation results, indicating that newborn ions are heated bylow-frequency Alfv\'{e}n waves with finite amplitude in low-beta plasmas suchas the solar corona. The analytic solutions also reproduce the preferentialheating of heavy ions in the solar wind. In the presence of parallelpropagating Alfv\'{e}n waves, turbulence-induced particle motion is clearlyobserved in the wave (magnetic field) polarized directions. After the wavesdiminish, the newborn ions are heated, which is caused by the phase difference(randomization) between ions due to their different parallel thermal motions.The heating is dominant in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magneticfield. The perpendicular heating,$\eta=(T_{i\perp}^R-T_{i0\perp}^R)/T_{i0\perp}^R$ (where $T_{i0\perp}^R$ and$T_{i\perp}^R$ are the perpendicular temperature of species $i$ before andafter genuine heating, respectively), in the spectrum of CPAWs is a factor oftwo stronger than that of LPAWs. Moreover, we also study the effect offield-aligned differential flow speed of species $i$ relative to $H^+$, $\deltav_{ip} = (\mathbf{v_i}-\mathbf{v_p}) \cdot \mathbf{B} / |\mathbf{B}|$ (where$\mathbf{v_i}$ and $\mathbf{v_p}$ denote vector velocities of the $H^+$ andspecies $i$, respectively), on the perpendicular heating. It reveals that largedrift speed, $v_d=\delta v_{ip}$, has an effect on reducing the efficiency ofperpendicular heating, which is consistent with observations.

physics of plasmas

Minor ion heating in spectra of linearly and circularly polarized  Alfv\'{e}n waves: Thermal and non-thermal motions associated with  perpendicular heating