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The microwave induced breakdown of N2 gas in microgaps was modeled using thecollision frequency between electrons and neutral molecules and the effectiveelectric field concept. Low pressure breakdown at the threshold electric fieldoccurs outside the gap, but at high pressures it is found to occur inside themicrogap with a large threshold breakdown electric field corresponding to avery large electron oscillation amplitude. Three distinct pressure regimes areapparent in the microgap breakdown: a low pressure multipactor branch, amid-pressure Paschen branch, both of which occur in the space outside themicrogap, and a high pressure diffusion-drift branch, which occurs inside themicrogap. The Paschen and diffusion-drift branches are divided by a sharptransition and each separately fits the collision frequency model. There isevidence that considerable electron loss to the microgap faces accompanies thediffusion-drift branch in microgaps.

Collision and Diffusion in Microwave Breakdown of Nitrogen Gas in and around Microgaps