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A droplet ejection mechanism in planar two-phase mixing layers is examined.Any disturbance on the gas-liquid interface grows into a Kelvin-Helmholtz wave,and the wave crest forms a thin liquid film that flaps as the wave growsdownstream. Increasing the gas speed, it is observed that the film breaks upinto droplets which are eventually thrown into the gas stream at large angles.In a flow where most of the momentum is in the horizontal direction, it issurprising to observe these large ejection angles. Our experiments andsimulations show that a recirculation region grows downstream of the wave andleads to vortex shedding similar to the wake of a backward-facing step. Theejection mechanism results from the interaction between the liquid film and thevortex shedding sequence: a recirculation zone appears in the wake of the waveand a liquid film emerges from the wave crest; the recirculation regiondetaches into a vortex and the gas flow over the wave momentarily reattachesdue to the departure of the vortex; this reattached flow pushes the liquid filmdown; by now, a new recirculation vortex is being created in the wake of thewave - just where the liquid film is now located; the liquid film is blown upfrom below by the newly formed recirculation vortex in a manner similar to abag-breakup event; the resulting droplets are catapulted by the recirculationvortex.

Vortices catapult droplets in atomization