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A graphene sheet gated with a ridged ground plane, creating a soft-boundary(SB) graphene nanoribbon, is considered. By adjusting the ridge parameters andbias voltage a channel can be created on the graphene which can guide TMsurface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Two types of modes are found; fundemental andhigher-order modes with no apparent cutoff frequency and with energydistributed over the created channel, and edge modes with energy concen-tratedat the soft-boundary edge. Dispersion curves, electric near-field patterns, andcurrent distributions of these modes are determined. Since the location whereenergy is concentrated in the edge modes can be easily controlledelectronically by the bias voltage and frequency, the edge-mode phenomena isused to propose a novel voltage controlled plasmonic switch and a plasmonicfrequency demultiplexer.

applied physics letters

Surface plasmon polaritons on soft-boundary graphene nanoribbons and  their application as voltage controlled plasmonic switches and frequency  demultiplexers