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We report on experimental studies of divergence of proton beams fromnanometer thick diamond-like carbon (DLC) foils irradiated by an intense laserwith high contrast. Proton beams with extremely small divergence (half angle)of 2 degree are observed in addition with a remarkably well-collimated featureover the whole energy range, showing one order of magnitude reduction of thedivergence angle in comparison to the results from micrometer thick targets. Wedemonstrate that this reduction arises from a steep longitudinal electrondensity gradient and an exponentially decaying transverse profile at the rearside of the ultrathin foils. Agreements are found both in an analytical modeland in particle-in-cell simulations. Those novel features make nm foils anattractive alternative for high flux experiments relevant for fundamentalresearch in nuclear and warm dense matter physics.

Ultrasmall divergence of laser-driven ion beams from nanometer thick foils