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We have found a radio-wave-reflection effect in rock salt for the detectionof ultra-high energy neutrinos which are expected to be generated in Greisen,Zatsepin, and Kuzmin (GZK) processes in the universe. When an UHE neutrinointeracts with rock salt or ice as a detection medium, a shower is generated.That shower is formed by hadronic and electromagnetic avalanche processes. Theenergy of the UHE neutrino shower converts to thermal energy through ionizationprocesses. Consequently, the temperature rises along the shower produced by theUHE neutrino. The refractive index of the medium rises with temperature. Theirregularity of the refractive index in the medium leads to a reflection ofradio waves. This reflection effect combined with the long attenuation lengthof radio waves in rock salt and ice would yield a new method to detect UHEneutrinos. We measured the phase of the reflected radio wave under irradiationwith an electron beam on ice and rock salt powder. The measured phase showedexcellent consistence with the power reflection fraction which was measureddirectly. A model taking into account the temperature change explained thephase and the amplitude of the reflected wave. Therefore the reflectionmechanism was confirmed. The power reflection fraction was compared with thatcalculated with the Fresnel equations, the ratio between the measured resultand that obtained with the Fresnel equations in ice was larger than that ofrock salt.

Measurement of a Phase of a Radio Wave Reflected from Rock Salt and Ice Irradiated by an Electron Beam for Detection of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos