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DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent a serious source of damage for allliving things and thus there have been many quantitative studies of DSBs bothin vivo and in vitro. Despite this fact, the processes that lead to theirproduction have not yet been clearly understood, and there is no establishedtheory that can account for the statistics of their production, in particular,the number of DSBs per base pair per unit Gy, here denoted by P1, which is themost important parameter for evaluating the degree of risk posed by DSBs. Here,using the single-molecule observation method with giant DNA molecules (166kbp), we evaluate the number of DSBs caused by gamma-ray irradiation. We findthat P1 is nearly inversely proportional to the DNA concentration above acertain threshold DNA concentration. A simple model that accounts for themarked decrease of P1 shows that it is necessary to consider thecharacteristics of giant DNA molecules as semiflexible polymers to interpretthe intrinsic mechanism of DSBs.

The probability of double-strand breaks in giant DNA decreases markedly as the DNA concentration increases